LeetCode #2849 — MEDIUM

Determine if a Cell Is Reachable at a Given Time

Move from brute-force thinking to an efficient approach using math strategy.

Solve on LeetCode
The Problem

Problem Statement

You are given four integers sx, sy, fx, fy, and a non-negative integer t.

In an infinite 2D grid, you start at the cell (sx, sy). Each second, you must move to any of its adjacent cells.

Return true if you can reach cell (fx, fy) after exactly t seconds, or false otherwise.

A cell's adjacent cells are the 8 cells around it that share at least one corner with it. You can visit the same cell several times.

Example 1:

Input: sx = 2, sy = 4, fx = 7, fy = 7, t = 6
Output: true
Explanation: Starting at cell (2, 4), we can reach cell (7, 7) in exactly 6 seconds by going through the cells depicted in the picture above. 

Example 2:

Input: sx = 3, sy = 1, fx = 7, fy = 3, t = 3
Output: false
Explanation: Starting at cell (3, 1), it takes at least 4 seconds to reach cell (7, 3) by going through the cells depicted in the picture above. Hence, we cannot reach cell (7, 3) at the third second.

Constraints:

  • 1 <= sx, sy, fx, fy <= 109
  • 0 <= t <= 109

Roadmap

  1. Brute Force Baseline
  2. Core Insight
  3. Algorithm Walkthrough
  4. Edge Cases
  5. Full Annotated Code
  6. Interactive Study Demo
  7. Complexity Analysis
Step 01

Brute Force Baseline

Problem summary: You are given four integers sx, sy, fx, fy, and a non-negative integer t. In an infinite 2D grid, you start at the cell (sx, sy). Each second, you must move to any of its adjacent cells. Return true if you can reach cell (fx, fy) after exactly t seconds, or false otherwise. A cell's adjacent cells are the 8 cells around it that share at least one corner with it. You can visit the same cell several times.

Baseline thinking

Start with the most direct exhaustive search. That gives a correctness anchor before optimizing.

Pattern signal: Math

Example 1

2
4
7
7
6

Example 2

3
1
7
3
3

Related Problems

  • Reaching Points (reaching-points)
Step 02

Core Insight

What unlocks the optimal approach

  • Minimum time to reach the cell should be less than or equal to given time.
  • The answer is true if <code>t</code> is greater or equal than the Chebyshev distance from <code>(sx, sy)</code> to <code>(fx, fy)</code>. However, there is one more edge case to be considered.
  • The answer is false If <code>sx == fx</code> and <code>sy == fy</code>
Interview move: turn each hint into an invariant you can check after every iteration/recursion step.
Step 03

Algorithm Walkthrough

Iteration Checklist

  1. Define state (indices, window, stack, map, DP cell, or recursion frame).
  2. Apply one transition step and update the invariant.
  3. Record answer candidate when condition is met.
  4. Continue until all input is consumed.
Use the first example testcase as your mental trace to verify each transition.
Step 04

Edge Cases

Minimum Input
Single element / shortest valid input
Validate boundary behavior before entering the main loop or recursion.
Duplicates & Repeats
Repeated values / repeated states
Decide whether duplicates should be merged, skipped, or counted explicitly.
Extreme Constraints
Upper-end input sizes
Re-check complexity target against constraints to avoid time-limit issues.
Invalid / Corner Shape
Empty collections, zeros, or disconnected structures
Handle special-case structure before the core algorithm path.
Step 05

Full Annotated Code

Source-backed implementations are provided below for direct study and interview prep.

// Accepted solution for LeetCode #2849: Determine if a Cell Is Reachable at a Given Time
class Solution {
    public boolean isReachableAtTime(int sx, int sy, int fx, int fy, int t) {
        if (sx == fx && sy == fy) {
            return t != 1;
        }
        int dx = Math.abs(sx - fx);
        int dy = Math.abs(sy - fy);
        return Math.max(dx, dy) <= t;
    }
}
Step 06

Interactive Study Demo

Use this to step through a reusable interview workflow for this problem.

Press Step or Run All to begin.
Step 07

Complexity Analysis

Time
O(1)
Space
O(1)

Approach Breakdown

ITERATIVE
O(n) time
O(1) space

Simulate the process step by step — multiply n times, check each number up to n, or iterate through all possibilities. Each step is O(1), but doing it n times gives O(n). No extra space needed since we just track running state.

MATH INSIGHT
O(log n) time
O(1) space

Math problems often have a closed-form or O(log n) solution hidden behind an O(n) simulation. Modular arithmetic, fast exponentiation (repeated squaring), GCD (Euclidean algorithm), and number theory properties can dramatically reduce complexity.

Shortcut: Look for mathematical properties that eliminate iteration. Repeated squaring → O(log n). Modular arithmetic avoids overflow.
Coach Notes

Common Mistakes

Review these before coding to avoid predictable interview regressions.

Overflow in intermediate arithmetic

Wrong move: Temporary multiplications exceed integer bounds.

Usually fails on: Large inputs wrap around unexpectedly.

Fix: Use wider types, modular arithmetic, or rearranged operations.