LeetCode #2528 — HARD

Maximize the Minimum Powered City

Break down a hard problem into reliable checkpoints, edge-case handling, and complexity trade-offs.

Solve on LeetCode
The Problem

Problem Statement

You are given a 0-indexed integer array stations of length n, where stations[i] represents the number of power stations in the ith city.

Each power station can provide power to every city in a fixed range. In other words, if the range is denoted by r, then a power station at city i can provide power to all cities j such that |i - j| <= r and 0 <= i, j <= n - 1.

  • Note that |x| denotes absolute value. For example, |7 - 5| = 2 and |3 - 10| = 7.

The power of a city is the total number of power stations it is being provided power from.

The government has sanctioned building k more power stations, each of which can be built in any city, and have the same range as the pre-existing ones.

Given the two integers r and k, return the maximum possible minimum power of a city, if the additional power stations are built optimally.

Note that you can build the k power stations in multiple cities.

Example 1:

Input: stations = [1,2,4,5,0], r = 1, k = 2
Output: 5
Explanation: 
One of the optimal ways is to install both the power stations at city 1. 
So stations will become [1,4,4,5,0].
- City 0 is provided by 1 + 4 = 5 power stations.
- City 1 is provided by 1 + 4 + 4 = 9 power stations.
- City 2 is provided by 4 + 4 + 5 = 13 power stations.
- City 3 is provided by 5 + 4 = 9 power stations.
- City 4 is provided by 5 + 0 = 5 power stations.
So the minimum power of a city is 5.
Since it is not possible to obtain a larger power, we return 5.

Example 2:

Input: stations = [4,4,4,4], r = 0, k = 3
Output: 4
Explanation: 
It can be proved that we cannot make the minimum power of a city greater than 4.

Constraints:

  • n == stations.length
  • 1 <= n <= 105
  • 0 <= stations[i] <= 105
  • 0 <= r <= n - 1
  • 0 <= k <= 109
Patterns Used

Roadmap

  1. Brute Force Baseline
  2. Core Insight
  3. Algorithm Walkthrough
  4. Edge Cases
  5. Full Annotated Code
  6. Interactive Study Demo
  7. Complexity Analysis
Step 01

Brute Force Baseline

Problem summary: You are given a 0-indexed integer array stations of length n, where stations[i] represents the number of power stations in the ith city. Each power station can provide power to every city in a fixed range. In other words, if the range is denoted by r, then a power station at city i can provide power to all cities j such that |i - j| <= r and 0 <= i, j <= n - 1. Note that |x| denotes absolute value. For example, |7 - 5| = 2 and |3 - 10| = 7. The power of a city is the total number of power stations it is being provided power from. The government has sanctioned building k more power stations, each of which can be built in any city, and have the same range as the pre-existing ones. Given the two integers r and k, return the maximum possible minimum power of a city, if the additional power stations are built optimally. Note that you can build the k power stations in multiple cities.

Baseline thinking

Start with the most direct exhaustive search. That gives a correctness anchor before optimizing.

Pattern signal: Array · Binary Search · Greedy · Sliding Window

Example 1

[1,2,4,5,0]
1
2

Example 2

[4,4,4,4]
0
3

Related Problems

  • Maximum Number of Tasks You Can Assign (maximum-number-of-tasks-you-can-assign)
Step 02

Core Insight

What unlocks the optimal approach

  • Pre calculate the number of stations on each city using Line Sweep.
  • Use binary search to maximize the minimum.
Interview move: turn each hint into an invariant you can check after every iteration/recursion step.
Step 03

Algorithm Walkthrough

Iteration Checklist

  1. Define state (indices, window, stack, map, DP cell, or recursion frame).
  2. Apply one transition step and update the invariant.
  3. Record answer candidate when condition is met.
  4. Continue until all input is consumed.
Use the first example testcase as your mental trace to verify each transition.
Step 04

Edge Cases

Minimum Input
Single element / shortest valid input
Validate boundary behavior before entering the main loop or recursion.
Duplicates & Repeats
Repeated values / repeated states
Decide whether duplicates should be merged, skipped, or counted explicitly.
Extreme Constraints
Largest constraint values
Re-check complexity target against constraints to avoid time-limit issues.
Invalid / Corner Shape
Empty collections, zeros, or disconnected structures
Handle special-case structure before the core algorithm path.
Step 05

Full Annotated Code

Source-backed implementations are provided below for direct study and interview prep.

// Accepted solution for LeetCode #2528: Maximize the Minimum Powered City
class Solution {
    private long[] s;
    private long[] d;
    private int n;

    public long maxPower(int[] stations, int r, int k) {
        n = stations.length;
        d = new long[n + 1];
        s = new long[n + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int left = Math.max(0, i - r), right = Math.min(i + r, n - 1);
            d[left] += stations[i];
            d[right + 1] -= stations[i];
        }
        s[0] = d[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n + 1; ++i) {
            s[i] = s[i - 1] + d[i];
        }
        long left = 0, right = 1l << 40;
        while (left < right) {
            long mid = (left + right + 1) >>> 1;
            if (check(mid, r, k)) {
                left = mid;
            } else {
                right = mid - 1;
            }
        }
        return left;
    }

    private boolean check(long x, int r, int k) {
        Arrays.fill(d, 0);
        long t = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            t += d[i];
            long dist = x - (s[i] + t);
            if (dist > 0) {
                if (k < dist) {
                    return false;
                }
                k -= dist;
                int j = Math.min(i + r, n - 1);
                int left = Math.max(0, j - r), right = Math.min(j + r, n - 1);
                d[left] += dist;
                d[right + 1] -= dist;
                t += dist;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}
Step 06

Interactive Study Demo

Use this to step through a reusable interview workflow for this problem.

Press Step or Run All to begin.
Step 07

Complexity Analysis

Time
O(n × log M)
Space
O(n)

Approach Breakdown

LINEAR SCAN
O(n) time
O(1) space

Check every element from left to right until we find the target or exhaust the array. Each comparison is O(1), and we may visit all n elements, giving O(n). No extra space needed.

BINARY SEARCH
O(log n) time
O(1) space

Each comparison eliminates half the remaining search space. After k comparisons, the space is n/2ᵏ. We stop when the space is 1, so k = log₂ n. No extra memory needed — just two pointers (lo, hi).

Shortcut: Halving the input each step → O(log n). Works on any monotonic condition, not just sorted arrays.
Coach Notes

Common Mistakes

Review these before coding to avoid predictable interview regressions.

Off-by-one on range boundaries

Wrong move: Loop endpoints miss first/last candidate.

Usually fails on: Fails on minimal arrays and exact-boundary answers.

Fix: Re-derive loops from inclusive/exclusive ranges before coding.

Boundary update without `+1` / `-1`

Wrong move: Setting `lo = mid` or `hi = mid` can stall and create an infinite loop.

Usually fails on: Two-element ranges never converge.

Fix: Use `lo = mid + 1` or `hi = mid - 1` where appropriate.

Using greedy without proof

Wrong move: Locally optimal choices may fail globally.

Usually fails on: Counterexamples appear on crafted input orderings.

Fix: Verify with exchange argument or monotonic objective before committing.

Shrinking the window only once

Wrong move: Using `if` instead of `while` leaves the window invalid for multiple iterations.

Usually fails on: Over-limit windows stay invalid and produce wrong lengths/counts.

Fix: Shrink in a `while` loop until the invariant is valid again.