LeetCode #2491 — MEDIUM

Divide Players Into Teams of Equal Skill

Move from brute-force thinking to an efficient approach using array strategy.

The Problem

Problem Statement

You are given a positive integer array skill of even length n where skill[i] denotes the skill of the i^th player. Divide the players into n / 2 teams of size 2 such that the total skill of each team is equal.

The chemistry of a team is equal to the product of the skills of the players on that team.

Return the sum of the chemistry of all the teams, or return -1 if there is no way to divide the players into teams such that the total skill of each team is equal.

Example 1:

Input: skill = [3,2,5,1,3,4]
Output: 22
Explanation: 
Divide the players into the following teams: (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), where each team has a total skill of 6.
The sum of the chemistry of all the teams is: 1 * 5 + 2 * 4 + 3 * 3 = 5 + 8 + 9 = 22.

Example 2:

Input: skill = [3,4]
Output: 12
Explanation: 
The two players form a team with a total skill of 7.
The chemistry of the team is 3 * 4 = 12.

Example 3:

Input: skill = [1,1,2,3]
Output: -1
Explanation: 
There is no way to divide the players into teams such that the total skill of each team is equal.

Constraints:

2 <= skill.length <= 10⁵
skill.length is even.
1 <= skill[i] <= 1000

Step 01

Brute Force Baseline

Problem summary: You are given a positive integer array skill of even length n where skill[i] denotes the skill of the ith player. Divide the players into n / 2 teams of size 2 such that the total skill of each team is equal. The chemistry of a team is equal to the product of the skills of the players on that team. Return the sum of the chemistry of all the teams, or return -1 if there is no way to divide the players into teams such that the total skill of each team is equal.

Baseline thinking

Start with the most direct exhaustive search. That gives a correctness anchor before optimizing.

Pattern signal: Array · Hash Map · Two Pointers

Example 1

[3,2,5,1,3,4]

Example 2

[3,4]

Example 3

[1,1,2,3]

Core Insight

What unlocks the optimal approach

Try sorting the skill array.
It is always optimal to pair the weakest available player with the strongest available player.

Interview move: turn each hint into an invariant you can check after every iteration/recursion step.

Step 03

Algorithm Walkthrough

Iteration Checklist

Define state (indices, window, stack, map, DP cell, or recursion frame).
Apply one transition step and update the invariant.
Record answer candidate when condition is met.
Continue until all input is consumed.

Use the first example testcase as your mental trace to verify each transition.

Step 04

Edge Cases

Minimum Input

Single element / shortest valid input

Validate boundary behavior before entering the main loop or recursion.

Duplicates & Repeats

Repeated values / repeated states

Decide whether duplicates should be merged, skipped, or counted explicitly.

Extreme Constraints

Upper-end input sizes

Re-check complexity target against constraints to avoid time-limit issues.

Invalid / Corner Shape

Empty collections, zeros, or disconnected structures

Handle special-case structure before the core algorithm path.

Step 05

Full Annotated Code

Source-backed implementations are provided below for direct study and interview prep.

// Accepted solution for LeetCode #2491: Divide Players Into Teams of Equal Skill
class Solution {
    public long dividePlayers(int[] skill) {
        Arrays.sort(skill);
        int n = skill.length;
        int t = skill[0] + skill[n - 1];
        long ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0, j = n - 1; i < j; ++i, --j) {
            if (skill[i] + skill[j] != t) {
                return -1;
            }
            ans += (long) skill[i] * skill[j];
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

// Accepted solution for LeetCode #2491: Divide Players Into Teams of Equal Skill
func dividePlayers(skill []int) (ans int64) {
	sort.Ints(skill)
	n := len(skill)
	t := skill[0] + skill[n-1]
	for i, j := 0, n-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		if skill[i]+skill[j] != t {
			return -1
		}
		ans += int64(skill[i] * skill[j])
	}
	return
}

# Accepted solution for LeetCode #2491: Divide Players Into Teams of Equal Skill
class Solution:
    def dividePlayers(self, skill: List[int]) -> int:
        skill.sort()
        t = skill[0] + skill[-1]
        i, j = 0, len(skill) - 1
        ans = 0
        while i < j:
            if skill[i] + skill[j] != t:
                return -1
            ans += skill[i] * skill[j]
            i, j = i + 1, j - 1
        return ans

// Accepted solution for LeetCode #2491: Divide Players Into Teams of Equal Skill
impl Solution {
    pub fn divide_players(mut skill: Vec<i32>) -> i64 {
        let n = skill.len();
        skill.sort();
        let target = skill[0] + skill[n - 1];
        let mut ans = 0;
        for i in 0..n >> 1 {
            if skill[i] + skill[n - 1 - i] != target {
                return -1;
            }
            ans += (skill[i] * skill[n - 1 - i]) as i64;
        }
        ans
    }
}

// Accepted solution for LeetCode #2491: Divide Players Into Teams of Equal Skill
function dividePlayers(skill: number[]): number {
    const n = skill.length;
    skill.sort((a, b) => a - b);
    const target = skill[0] + skill[n - 1];
    let ans = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < n >> 1; i++) {
        if (target !== skill[i] + skill[n - 1 - i]) {
            return -1;
        }
        ans += skill[i] * skill[n - 1 - i];
    }
    return ans;
}

Step 06

Interactive Study Demo

Use this to step through a reusable interview workflow for this problem.

Custom checkpoints (one per line)

Press Step or Run All to begin.

Step 07

Complexity Analysis

Time

O(n × log n)

Space

O(log n)

Approach Breakdown

BRUTE FORCE

O(n²) time

O(1) space

Two nested loops check every pair of elements. The outer loop picks one element, the inner loop scans the rest. For n elements that is n × (n−1)/2 comparisons = O(n²). No extra memory — just two loop variables.

TWO POINTERS

O(n) time

O(1) space

Each pointer traverses the array at most once. With two pointers moving inward (or both moving right), the total number of steps is bounded by n. Each comparison is O(1), giving O(n) overall. No auxiliary data structures are needed — just two index variables.

Shortcut: Two converging pointers on sorted data → O(n) time, O(1) space.

Coach Notes

Common Mistakes

Review these before coding to avoid predictable interview regressions.

Off-by-one on range boundaries

Wrong move: Loop endpoints miss first/last candidate.

Usually fails on: Fails on minimal arrays and exact-boundary answers.

Fix: Re-derive loops from inclusive/exclusive ranges before coding.

Mutating counts without cleanup

Wrong move: Zero-count keys stay in map and break distinct/count constraints.

Usually fails on: Window/map size checks are consistently off by one.

Fix: Delete keys when count reaches zero.

Moving both pointers on every comparison

Wrong move: Advancing both pointers shrinks the search space too aggressively and skips candidates.

Usually fails on: A valid pair can be skipped when only one side should move.

Fix: Move exactly one pointer per decision branch based on invariant.